John R. Hoffman is a Professor of Biology, public speaker and a scientist examining the recovery of the nervous system after injury. Since 2006 he has written several unpublished manuscripts and he is currently working on the first Nathaniel Smythe novel and short story collection. He spends his spare time with his family and running.

14. Urinary System

Specific Objectives:

At the end of this lecture, the student will be able to:

  1. Sketch a frontal section of a kidney and label the following: capsule, renal cortex, renal medulla, medullary pyramids, medullary rays, major calyx, minor calyx, renal lobes, renal lobules.
  2. Describe the blood flow of the kidney after entering from the renal arteries until it enters the venule system. Sketch the location of these vessels in a frontal section of the kidney. Include renal artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, and vasa recta or peritubular capillaries.
  3. Describe the epithelial lining of the urinary tract, including proximal and distal tubules, loop of Henle, collecting ducts, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. If applicable, describe cellular specializations, junctions, and staining characteristics.
  4. Describe the juxtaglomerular apparatus in terms of: location, its 3 named components, where the components are found, and their function.
  5. Trace the path a drop of fluid flows from entering the renal corpuscle until it leaves the kidney via the ureters.
  6. Describe and diagram how hyperosmotic urine is released from the kidney, including how the selective permeability of the duct system is important in this process.
  7. Describe the function, including site of synthesis and secretion, stimuli for secretion, sites of action, and function.
    a. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
    b. Renin
    c. vasopressin
    d. angiotensin I
    e. angiotensin II
    f. aldosterone
  8. Sketch and identify all relevant portions of nephron.

Lectures

Part 1

This lecture reviews the basic functions and organizaiton of the urinary system.

Part 2

This lecture begins an overview of the structure and function of the nephron of the kidney.

Part 3

This lecture completes an overview of the structure and function of the nephron of the kidney.

Part 4

This lecture examines the structure and function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney.

Part 5

This lecture begins an overview of the structure and function of the collecting tubules and ducts of the kidney.

Part 6

This lecture examines the blood supply to the kidney.

Part 7

This lecture examines the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra of the urinary system.

Part 8

This lecture reviews the basic concepts of the urinary system.

Laboratory

This video provides an overview of the important concepts to remember as studying histological images to learn about the urinary system, including the kidney, ureter, and urinary bladder.

Previous – 13 – Digestive System

Next – 15 – Endocrine System